Six Articles Of Faith In Islam

The Six Articles of Faith in Islam: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding the core beliefs of Islam is crucial for anyone seeking to learn about this global religion. Central to Islamic faith are the six articles of faith (arkan al-iman), which form the foundational pillars upon which all other aspects of Muslim life are built. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of each article, delving into its meaning, significance, and implications for a Muslim's life. We will examine these beliefs in detail, offering a clear and accessible understanding for both newcomers and those seeking a deeper appreciation of Islamic theology.

I. Introduction: The Foundation of Iman (Faith)

The six articles of faith are not simply abstract doctrines; they are the very essence of iman, the unwavering belief and trust in God (Allah) and His revelations. They represent the bedrock of a Muslim's relationship with God and guide their actions in the world. These articles are:

Belief in Allah (God): The absolute oneness of God, His unique attributes, and His absolute sovereignty.
Belief in Angels: The belief in the existence and role of angels as messengers of God.
Belief in Divine Books: Acceptance of all divinely revealed scriptures, with the Quran being the final and most complete.
Belief in Messengers of God (Prophets): Recognition of all prophets sent by God, culminating in the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Belief in the Day of Judgement: Acceptance of the ultimate accountability before God and the subsequent reward or punishment.
Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar): Acceptance of God's preordained plan and destiny.

II. Belief in Allah (Tawhid): The Oneness of God

This is the most fundamental article of faith in Islam. Tawhid (توحيد), meaning "Oneness," emphasizes the absolute oneness and uniqueness of God. It rejects any form of polytheism or associating partners with God (shirk), which is considered the greatest sin in Islam. Belief in Allah encompasses several aspects:

God's Existence: The very foundation of faith is the unwavering belief in the existence of one God, the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. This belief is not based on philosophical arguments but on a deep conviction and intuitive understanding.
God's Attributes: Allah possesses unique and perfect attributes, such as Al-Rahman (The Most Gracious), Al-Rahim (The Most Merciful), Al-Malik (The King), Al-Quddus (The Holy), and many more. These attributes are described throughout the Quran and the Sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad). It's crucial to understand that these attributes are not anthropomorphic (ascribing human qualities to God), but rather they represent His perfect nature.
God's Sovereignty: Allah is the absolute sovereign, the ruler and controller of the universe. Everything that happens occurs by His will and permission. This belief fosters a sense of humility and reliance on God.
God's Unity of Action: This aspect of Tawhid highlights that God is the sole agent of creation, sustenance, and judgment. There is no intermediary or partner in His actions.

III. Belief in Angels (Malaikah): Messengers and Servants of God

Angels are believed to be spiritual beings created by Allah to carry out His commands. They are pure and obedient servants, playing various roles, including:

Revelation: Angels like Jibril (Gabriel) are responsible for delivering divine revelations to prophets.
Protection: Angels protect individuals and places from harm.
Recording Deeds: Angels, like Kiraman Katibin (the noble writers), record every action, thought, and word of human beings.
Carrying out God's Will: They execute divine judgments and assist in the running of the universe.

Belief in angels strengthens faith in the unseen realm and highlights the constant presence of God's power and authority. This belief encourages righteous actions and awareness of accountability.

IV. Belief in Divine Books (Kutub): Guidance from God

Islam recognizes several divinely revealed books sent by God to guide humanity. These include:

The Tawrat (Torah): Revealed to Prophet Moses.
The Zabur (Psalms): Revealed to Prophet David.
The Injil (Gospel): Revealed to Prophet Jesus.
The Quran (Al-Qur'an): The final and most complete revelation, revealed to Prophet Muhammad.

Muslims believe that while the previous scriptures contained God's message, they were altered or corrupted over time. The Quran is considered the preserved and unaltered word of God, and it supersedes all previous revelations. Belief in divine books emphasizes the continuity of God's guidance throughout history.

V. Belief in Messengers of God (Rusul): Prophets and Their Role

Islam believes that God sent numerous prophets throughout history to guide humanity. These prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and finally Muhammad, conveyed God's message and called people to worship Him alone. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is considered the final prophet and the seal of prophethood, meaning no prophet will come after him.

Belief in prophets emphasizes the importance of following God's guidance and accepting the message brought by His chosen messengers. This belief strengthens the connection between the past and present, demonstrating the consistent message of monotheism throughout history. The Prophet Muhammad is central to this article of faith, as Muslims believe he is the last and most important prophet, bringing the final and complete revelation of God's word.

VI. Belief in the Day of Judgement (Yawm al-Qiyamah): Accountability and Reward

The belief in the Day of Judgment is a cornerstone of Islamic faith. It emphasizes accountability for one's actions in this life and the ultimate reward or punishment in the hereafter. This belief motivates Muslims to strive for righteousness and avoid wrongdoing.

This day involves:

Resurrection: The resurrection of all people from their graves.
Reckoning: A thorough accounting of every deed and intention.
Judgment: God will judge humanity based on their actions and intentions.
Paradise (Jannah): A reward for the righteous, a place of eternal bliss and happiness.
Hellfire (Jahannam): A punishment for those who disobey God, a place of eternal suffering.

The belief in the Day of Judgment serves as a powerful motivator for righteous living, inspiring Muslims to act ethically and strive for spiritual growth. It's a constant reminder of the ultimate accountability to God.

VII. Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar): God's Will and Human Agency

Qadar (قدر) refers to God's preordained plan and destiny. This concept emphasizes that everything that happens in the universe is according to God's will. However, it doesn't negate human agency or free will. Muslims believe that God has knowledge of everything that will happen, but humans are still responsible for their choices and actions.

This belief is often misunderstood, but it's crucial to understand that:

God's Knowledge: God knows everything that will happen, past, present, and future.
Human Responsibility: Humans are accountable for their choices and actions. God does not force anyone to do evil.
Balance: The concept of Qadar balances divine will with human responsibility. It encourages submission to God's plan while acknowledging the importance of human effort and striving.

VIII. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What happens if someone doesn't believe in all six articles of faith?

A: In Islam, a lack of belief in even one of the six articles of faith renders a person outside the fold of Islam. However, Islam emphasizes the importance of seeking knowledge and understanding.

Q: How does belief in Qadar affect a Muslim's life?

A: Belief in Qadar encourages trust in God's plan, acceptance of both good and bad events, and a focus on striving to do good without becoming overly anxious about outcomes. It promotes patience and reliance on God.

Q: Is it difficult to reconcile free will with divine decree?

A: This is a complex theological question that has been debated by scholars for centuries. The reconciliation lies in understanding that God's knowledge of future events doesn't negate human choice. Humans are free to choose, but their choices are within the framework of God's overall plan.

Q: How can I strengthen my faith in these six articles?

A: Studying the Quran and Sunnah, reflecting on God's creation, praying regularly, and engaging in acts of worship and charity can all help strengthen one's faith. Seeking knowledge from reputable scholars and engaging in discussions with fellow Muslims can also be beneficial.

IX. Conclusion: Living a Life of Iman

The six articles of faith are not merely abstract concepts; they are the living foundation of a Muslim's life. They shape their worldview, guide their actions, and define their relationship with God and humanity. By understanding and internalizing these fundamental beliefs, Muslims strive to live a life of iman, characterized by unwavering faith, righteous conduct, and a deep connection with the divine. This journey of faith is a lifelong process of learning, reflection, and striving towards a deeper understanding of God and His creation. The exploration of these six articles should lead to a greater appreciation for the richness and depth of Islamic belief and inspire a life guided by faith and virtue.